Can. 1323 One who has violated a law or precept is not subject to a penalty who: 1° has not yet completed the sixteenth year of age; 2° without negligence was ignorant that he or she violated a law or precept; moreover, inadvertence and error are equivalent to ignorance; 3° acted due to physical force or a chance occurrence that one could not foresee or, if foreseen, avoid; 4° acted coerced by grave fear, even if only relatively grave, or out of necessity or grave inconvenience unless the act is intrinsically evil or tends to the harm of souls; 5° acted with due moderation for the purpose of legitimate defense of oneself or another against an unjust aggressor; 6° lacked the use of reason, without prejudice to the prescripts of cann. 1324 §1, n. 2 and 1326 §1, n. 4; 7° without negligence thought that one of the circumstances mentioned in nn. 4 or 5 was present.